搞懂 Do, Make 和 Have的差别
英文的动词最麻烦的点在于动词还有所谓的速度感、时间感。怎么抓到这种感觉?先体会下面的例子:做晩餐是「make dinner」,做简报是「make a presentation」,做决定是「make a decision」,那做恶梦是什么?凭直觉可能会说错:
(X) I made a bad dream.
(O) I had a bad dream.
再举一个例子:
(X) I will have to do a presentation next week.
(O) I will have to make a presentation next week.
以上这些例子,仔细推敲,重点都在时间的快与慢,它们分别强调结果与过程,如果只用中文「做」直译,就很容易说出中式英文。
Do 和 Make 的差别
Do >> 着重过程 (process), 时间长
例子:
1. He is doing some thinking (他在思考)
2. He does the cooking at home (他在家煮饭)
Make >> 讲究结果 (product), 时间短
1. He has made a decision (他已经做了决定)
2. He made dinner (他做了晚餐)
Do的用法
do the housework 做家事
do my homework 做功课
do business 做生意
do exercise 做运动
do the laundry 洗衣服
试着做成句子:
do work 做工作
I need to do some work tonight.(我今晚得做一些工作)
do the cooking 煮饭
I need to do (wash) the dishes before I do the cooking.(我煮饭之前得先洗碗。)
do one’s homework 做功课
Make sure you do your homework before going out.(你得做完功课才能出去。)
do…a favour 帮一个忙
Could you do me a favour and pass this message on? (你可以帮忙我传达这个讯息吗?)
Make的用法
make coffee 煮咖啡
make a promise 做承诺
make enemies 树敌
make a difference 改变、有影响
make it a rule 养成习惯
试着做成句子:
make a call 打电话
I’m just going to make a quick call.(我正要去打通电话)
make an appointment 安排约会
Can I make an appointment for next Tuesday?(我可以预约下礼拜二吗?)
make a mistake 犯错
If you make a mistake, let me know.(如果你犯了错,让我知道)
make sure 确保
But make sure you don’t make any mistakes in the first place!(但确保你一开始别犯任何错误。)
make a decision 决定
You need to make a decision by the end of the week.(这礼拜之前你得做个决定。)
Make 和 Have 的差别
make这个字在解释为「做」的时候,时间较为短暂,表示一下子就完成的事情,做的事情也是属于比较具体的事。 Have则是时间长。
Make >> 时间短
例子:
1. make a copy (复印)
2. make the bed (铺床)
3. make a call (打电话)
4. make a lasting impression (留下深刻印象)
Have >> 时间长
例子:
1. have a dream (做梦)
2. have a long conversation (谈了很久)
3. have a meeting (开会)
4. have a birthday party (庆生)
Have的用法
have a bath 洗个澡
have a drink 喝个饮料
have a good time 玩得开心
have a haircut 剪头发
have a holiday 放假
have a problem 遇到问题
have a relationship 与…有关
have a rest 休息
have lunch 吃午餐
have sympathy 同情
资料来源:世界公民文化中心网站
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